Efektywność różnych systemów produkcji roślinnej (konwencjonalny, integrowany i ekologiczny)

In the framework of the research conducted since 1994 there have been compared the following systems of crop production: ecological, integrated and conventional (high- and low input) systems as well as monoculture of winter wheat. Crop rotations and other elements of production technology have been applied in accordance with specific features of particular systems. In the frame of ecological system, the cereals yield ranged from 4 to 5 tons per 1 ha, whereas potatoes yield amounted for about 20-25 tons per 1 ha. The yields were about 10-30% lower of these in the conventional system. Economic analysis shows that ecological system can compete with conventional one, provided that the first is able to reach the production efficiency similar to mentioned level. According to the economic efficiency of crop production, the high-input integrated system (four-course crop rotation) is comparable with other systems, whereas the low-input one (three-course crop rotation) has been assessed worse as a result of selected crops prices differentiation in successive years. The negative influence of used industrial factors of crop production (artificial fertilisers, pesticides) on the environment can be reduced in these systems by diminishing their input. Taking into account the economic efficiency, conventional system cannot be graded lower than other systems. However, high input of industrials in this system can be dangerous for natural environment. Moreover, their negative influence on soil fertility may become evident in long term perspective. The winter wheat cultivation generated losses, additionally the high level of industrial inputs can have negative influence on the natural environment.